Business English Vocabulary: 401 Key English Terms

A list of the topics that will be discussed in a meeting, usually in the order they will be covered and shared with attendees beforehand.

The official written record of a meeting, listing who attended, what was discussed, what was decided and who will do what next.

A specific task agreed in a meeting, with one person responsible for it and usually a due date.

To finish a meeting, discussion or piece of work, usually by summarizing the main points and agreeing on the next steps.

A short summary of the main points of a meeting, call or discussion, given at the end or sent afterwards. Also used as a verb.

A regular private meeting between two people, usually a manager and a team member, to discuss work, progress, problems and development.

To look at or discuss something carefully, point by point, in order to check it, explain it or understand it.

A person who takes part in a meeting, conference, training session or other event.

To lead a meeting by opening it, following the agenda, giving people turns to speak and keeping time. As a noun, the person who does this.

The first meeting of a project or partnership, where the team and the client agree on goals, roles, scope and the timeline.

A short, informal meeting or call to share updates and make sure people working on the same thing are coordinated. Also used as a verb.

General agreement among all or most members of a group about a decision or an opinion.

To continue a discussion later, outside the current meeting and usually only with the people it concerns, so that the meeting can move on.

Comments about how good or useful someone's work, idea or performance is, given so that it can be improved.

To meet as a group and suggest many ideas quickly, without judging them at first, in order to solve a problem or plan something.

Ideas, advice or information that someone contributes to a discussion, a decision or a piece of work.

To stop someone while they are speaking, or to stop an activity for a short time, by saying or doing something.

A meeting or training session in which a group works actively on a topic or problem, rather than just listening.

To mention a subject, question or problem so that people can discuss it, for example in a meeting or an email.

A meeting for everyone in a company or department, usually led by senior management to share news, results and plans.

A very short daily team meeting, often about 15 minutes, where each person says what they did, what they will do next and what is blocking them.

Short for any other business: the last item on a meeting agenda, where people can raise topics that are not listed elsewhere.

To write the official record of a meeting, including main discussion points, decisions, and tasks for follow-up afterward.

To check and record who is present at a meeting, class, or event before or during it.

To formally begin a meeting and ask participants to focus so official business can start.

To mention a problem, concern, or matter so others can discuss it and possibly deal with it.

To mention an idea, argument, or detail so that others can consider or discuss it.

A written record of important decisions, usually with the date, owner, context, and reason, so teams can track what was agreed.

To postpone discussing a topic until later, usually because time is short or more information is needed.

To stop discussing a problem for the moment and return to it later, often to keep a meeting on track.

To decide the main topics, order, or focus for a meeting, discussion, or wider conversation.

To make something easier to understand by explaining details, removing doubt, or correcting confusion.

To give the main points of something in a shorter form without including every detail.

To write down important points, facts, or decisions while listening, so you can remember and use them later.

The right to speak to the whole meeting.

A question or objection about whether meeting procedure is being followed.

A vote or indication of opinion made by raising hands.

To choose not to vote for or against a proposal.

Agreed by everyone in the relevant voting or decision-making group.

Disagreement with a view or decision supported by others.

Someone who challenges an idea to test it, without necessarily opposing it personally.

To misunderstand each other because the speakers mean different things.

To leave the main subject and discuss something only loosely connected.

To discuss work or professional matters in a social setting.

An informal vote used to discover opinion rather than make a binding decision.

A person responsible for monitoring and signalling the time allowed in a session.

Used to introduce information that the speaker wants officially noted or clearly remembered.

Short for carbon copy: the email field for people who should see a message for information but are not expected to act on it. Also used as a verb.

A file, such as a document, spreadsheet or image, that is sent together with an email message.

To contact someone again about something you discussed earlier, in order to check progress, ask for an answer or add information.

Short for for your information: shows that a message is shared so the reader knows something, not because they must act on it.

A fixed, polite phrase used in emails to tell the reader that a file is attached to the message.

To feel pleased about something that is going to happen; in emails, a polite way to close and show that you expect a reply or a meeting.

To send an email or message that you have received to another person, often with a short comment of your own.

To include someone in an email, conversation or project so that they are informed and can follow what is happening.

A polite closing phrase written just before your name at the end of a professional email.

An early version of a document, email or plan that is not final yet and will probably be changed. As a verb, to write that first version.

To answer an email so that your reply goes to the sender and to everyone else who received the original message, including people in CC.

Away from work, for example on holiday or a business trip; also the automatic email reply that tells senders you are away.

A short section at the start of a report or proposal that gives the main findings and recommendations for busy readers.

Short for key performance indicator: a measurable value that shows how well a person, team or company is achieving an important goal.

To contact someone, usually by email or phone, to offer help, ask a question or start a business relationship.

The short line at the top of an email that tells the reader what the message is about before they open it.

Short for blind carbon copy: an email field for people who should receive a copy without the other recipients seeing their address.

A standard phrase that opens a formal email or letter and states its purpose straight away, as in 'I am writing to confirm…'.

The folder in an email program where new messages arrive; also used to mean all the emails waiting for your attention.

A short report, often by email or in a meeting, that tells others how a project or task is progressing and what has changed.

A polite formula, usually at the end of an email, that invites the reader to contact you or ask questions if they need anything.

A series of emails or chat messages that reply to each other on the same subject and are grouped together.

A formal way of saying 'according to' or 'as stated in', used to refer back to an earlier instruction, agreement or message.

To send or share a report with a group of people so they can read it.

Used to connect a formal message to an earlier message, conversation or event.

A polite but imprecise request to do something when reasonably possible.

Used in correspondence to request a reply immediately after receiving a message.

A formal request for instructions, information or a decision.

At the appropriate later stage, without specifying an exact date.

In a written form that can be read later, rather than only spoken.

As the representative of another person or organization.

For an email to return to its sender with a delivery failure notice.

The conventions for considerate and appropriate email communication.

Extra material added to a document after its original version was prepared or issued.

One page of a presentation that is shown on a screen, usually with a title, short text, charts or images.

A set of presentation slides, usually prepared in PowerPoint, Keynote or Google Slides and shared as a file.

To explain something to someone step by step, often while showing it on a screen, so that they understand it fully.

Short for questions and answers: the part of a presentation, meeting or event when the audience can ask the speaker questions.

To draw attention to the most important points or results so that people notice and remember them. As a noun, the best or most important part.

A printed or digital document given to the audience during or after a presentation, with the key points, figures or slides.

A short item in a list that starts with a small dot or symbol, used on slides and in documents to present information clearly.

The main idea, lesson or message that people should remember after a presentation, meeting or report.

To stop talking about one topic and start on the next one; used to guide listeners through a presentation or meeting.

A phrase that introduces a short summary of the main points at the end of a presentation, meeting or piece of writing.

A short, persuasive presentation or speech that tries to convince someone to buy a product, approve an idea or invest in a business.

A detailed list or explanation that divides a total, such as a cost or a result, into its separate parts.

The group of people who listen to a presentation or speech, or the people a message, report or product is meant for.

A short general description of a subject or situation that gives the main facts without going into the details.

A picture that shows numbers or information in a visual way, such as a bar chart, a pie chart or a line chart.

A practical show of how a product, system or feature works, usually given to customers, managers or colleagues.

The general direction in which something is changing or developing over time, such as sales, prices or customer behaviour.

To give more details or explanation about something you have said, especially when someone asks you to.

A polite request for someone to be patient while you find something, fix a problem or finish what you are doing.

To stop rising or falling and stay at about the same level; used when describing figures on a graph.

To give a formal talk to an audience, often with slides, to explain information, ideas, or results.

To explain the results of research, analysis, or an investigation to an audience in a clear way.

An image, object or other visible material used to support an explanation.

A small card containing brief prompts for a speaker.

Supporting notes for a presenter, usually kept separate from what the audience sees.

To forget how the ideas you were explaining were meant to continue.

To receive and respond to questions from an audience or other people.

To pause and assess the current position before deciding what to do next.

To discuss something formally with another side in order to reach an agreement both can accept, for example on price or contract terms.

An agreement between two or more sides, especially a business arrangement to buy, sell or work together on agreed terms.

A formal plan or offer, written or spoken, that is put forward for others such as a client or management to consider and accept.

An agreement in which each side gives up part of what it wanted so that both can accept the result. Also used as a verb.

The conditions of an agreement or contract that both sides accept, such as the price, payment dates, delivery and responsibilities.

The most important fact or the final position in a discussion; also a company's profit or loss, shown on the last line of its income statement.

Describing a situation or agreement in which both sides gain something and nobody loses.

A new offer made in reply to an offer you have received, usually with a different price or different conditions.

Something that one side agrees to give up or allow during a negotiation in order to reach an agreement.

A single issue or condition so important that, if it is not accepted, one side will refuse the whole deal.

To reach an agreement by each side accepting part of what the other wants, for example by splitting a price difference.

Offered or available for discussion in a negotiation or meeting; something that is 'off the table' is no longer being considered.

A person or organization that pays a company or professional for services or advice, often over a long period.

A statement that you are willing to sell, buy, pay or do something under certain conditions, which the other side can accept or reject.

A formal written agreement between two or more parties that sets out what each side must do and can be enforced by law.

A written or spoken statement of the exact price a supplier will charge for a particular job, product or service.

An amount or percentage taken off the usual price, for example for large orders, early payment or loyal customers.

To end a negotiation or leave a deal because the terms on offer are not acceptable to you.

A situation in which you accept less of one thing in order to get more of another, such as a lower price for a longer contract.

Interests, opinions or goals that two sides share, which can be used as a starting point for an agreement.

Short for non-disclosure agreement: a contract in which people or companies promise not to share confidential information they receive.

To discuss proposed contract terms, such as price, duties, and timing, and try to reach agreement before signing.

To keep your position or decision unchanged and resist pressure to accept different terms, prices, or demands.

To add something extra to an offer so the other side is more likely to accept it.

To successfully decide on terms or a solution after discussion, negotiation, or compromise between sides.

To reach an agreement after discussion or negotiation, especially in business.

Freedom to adjust a position or take different actions within constraints.

An unresolved issue that prevents progress towards agreement.

Something given or done in exchange for something else.

Used to signal that an arrangement awaits a formal contract.

In general terms, while details or further conditions remain unresolved.

With the parties acting independently rather than under each other's control or special influence.

An offer presented as final, with the best terms a party is willing to offer at that stage of negotiation.

The best available course of action if the current negotiation produces no agreement.

The range of possible terms that would be acceptable to both negotiating sides.

An offer in which several items or conditions are agreed together as one arrangement.

A forceful and persistent attempt to persuade someone to buy or agree.

A gentle, indirect approach to persuasion that avoids strong pressure.

Not open to alteration through discussion.

Something a party can offer or withhold to gain an advantage in negotiations.

To withdraw from a commitment or arrangement already made.

To refuse available offers while waiting for a better or specific outcome.

To challenge a threat or claim by acting as if the other person must prove it.

To change the conditions for success or agreement after others have begun trying to meet them.

Secretly, especially when a payment or arrangement avoids official records or rules.

Open and honest, without hidden deception.

An informal agreement based on mutual trust rather than a formal written contract.

A phone or online call in which three or more people in different places talk together at the same time.

To switch off your own microphone, or someone else's, on a call so that the others cannot hear any sound from it.

To contact someone again later, usually to give them an answer or information that you do not have yet.

To let the other people on a video call see what is on your computer screen, such as slides, a document or an application.

To wait for a short time, especially on the phone while the other person checks something or transfers the call.

A short phrase that tells someone they may start speaking or doing something, for example when two people talk at once on a call.

To connect a caller to the person or department they want to speak to, usually done by a receptionist or switchboard.

On a phone or video call, to sound unclear or cut in and out because of a weak signal or a poor internet connection.

A system that records phone messages when the person you call does not answer; also a single recorded message.

To speak more loudly so that others can hear you; also, to say openly what you think, especially about a problem.

To leave an online meeting or call before it ends, either on purpose or because the connection is lost.

To start or join a quick, informal phone or video call, usually to sort something out faster than by email.

To end a phone call by pressing a button or putting the phone down; on video calls, to leave the call.

To phone someone who called you earlier, or to phone someone again later.

To write down what a caller wants to say to someone who is not available, so that you can pass it on later.

To hear or understand what someone says; usually used in the negative when you missed a word, a name or a number.

A web address that lets you join an online meeting, usually included in the calendar invite or sent by email or chat.

Not moving on a video call because of a bad connection, so the picture stops while the sound or the call may continue.

Sounds around a speaker, such as traffic, typing or other people talking, that make a call or recording harder to hear.

To join a conference call or online meeting, especially by phoning a number instead of using the app or link.

To speak at the same time as someone else so that neither person can be heard clearly; common on calls with a delay.

The clarity and reliability of a phone or online call, including sound, delay, and connection stability.

To enter or press a phone number on a device in order to call a person, company, or service.

To make a phone call, especially quickly and directly instead of sending messages or waiting.

To succeed in making contact with someone by telephone.

Automatic routing of incoming calls to another telephone number.

To turn a muted microphone or audio output back on.

Repeated unsuccessful attempts by two people to reach each other by phone.

Checking who is calling and why before deciding whether to answer or connect the call.

The latest date or time by which a piece of work must be finished, sent or delivered.

Short for as soon as possible: used when something should be done or sent without any delay.

Short for end of day: the end of the working day, used as an informal deadline in emails and chat messages.

To change the date or time of a meeting, call or event that was already planned.

One of the areas of the world that use the same standard time; colleagues in different time zones start and finish work at different hours.

To move a meeting, event or decision to a later time than the one originally planned.

To move a planned date or time to later; also, to resist or argue against a request, plan or decision.

The times when someone is free to meet, talk or work on something.

An electronic invitation to a meeting or call that is sent through a calendar tool and adds the event to the guests' calendars when they accept it.

Making the expected progress, so that a plan, target or deadline is likely to be met.

Later than planned; not making progress as fast as the schedule says it should.

A plan that shows when each stage of a project or process will happen, or the total time available to complete it.

To move a meeting, event or deadline to an earlier date or time than originally planned.

Expected or required to happen, arrive or be finished at a particular time; also used for payments that must be made by a certain date.

Not done, paid or returned by the time it was expected; late.

To cancel a meeting, event or plan, or to decide to stop something that was going to happen.

Behind the planned time, so you will arrive or finish later than expected; used about people, meetings and schedules.

To decide which tasks are most important and deal with them first, or to treat one thing as more important than others.

A period of time in a schedule that is available for, or has been given to, a meeting, call, presentation or other activity.

An important point or event in a project, used to check progress, such as finishing a design or launching a product.

To arrange a meeting or event for a certain time, knowing that the plan may still change later.

A specific result, document or product that a team has agreed to produce and hand over by a certain date.

To reserve a room in advance for a meeting at a specific time so others cannot use it then.

To decide and confirm a specific day for an event, meeting, launch, visit, or deadline.

To agree on a specific time for a meeting, call, visit, or other planned activity.

To check and state clearly that a person, room, service, or item is free at a certain time.

To choose and arrange a date and time for a meeting to happen.

A fixed time at which a meeting or activity must end.

An informal agreement to accept an invitation at a later time instead of now.

With little time between being informed and being expected to act.

At the last possible moment before it is too late.

Under pressure to finish before the available time runs out.

The time an activity can be delayed without moving the planned project completion date.

An arrangement in which applications or work are considered continually or in successive rounds.

To limit an activity to a fixed period and stop or review it when that period ends.

Planning work by reserving calendar periods for particular tasks.

To fit an additional activity into a limited available period.

To continue beyond an allocated time or exceed a planned amount.

To take an expected factor or possible need into account when planning.

The main office of a company or organization, where top management works and the most important decisions are made.

A person or group that is affected by a project or company decision, or has an interest in it, such as employees, customers, investors or suppliers.

To have someone as your direct manager, the person who gives you work, approves your decisions and reviews your performance.

Short for chief executive officer: the highest-ranking manager in a company, responsible for its overall strategy and results.

Short for human resources: the department that deals with hiring, contracts, pay, training, leave and employee relations.

The person directly above you in a company who assigns your work, approves your leave and reviews your performance.

One of the local offices or shops of a larger organization, such as a bank, retailer or service company, in a different town or area.

A company that is owned or controlled by another company, called the parent company, but is a separate legal entity.

Done or employed inside a company by its own staff, rather than by an outside supplier or agency.

To pay an outside company to do work or provide a service that a business used to do, or could do, with its own staff.

The group of people elected by a company's shareholders to oversee its management and make major decisions, such as appointing the CEO.

The group of a company's most senior executives, whose job titles usually begin with 'chief', such as the CEO, CFO and COO.

One of the main parts of a company or organization, responsible for a particular area of work such as sales, finance or IT.

A job title for the person in charge of a department, team or function, as in 'Head of Marketing' or 'Head of HR'.

The person who guides a small team's daily work and makes sure tasks get done, usually without being a senior manager.

A new, usually small company that is trying to grow quickly, often with a new product or technology and money from investors.

Short for chief financial officer: the senior executive responsible for a company's money, including budgets, accounts, reporting and financial risk.

In British and many European companies, the most senior manager who runs the business day to day; often shortened to MD.

A company that owns or controls one or more other companies, which are called its subsidiaries.

A person or organization that owns shares in a company and therefore owns part of it.

Short for organizational chart: a diagram that shows a company's departments and roles, and who reports to whom.

An official rule or set of rules that guides how employees should act in particular situations at work.

The formal relationship showing who reports to whom in an organization and how authority or supervision is structured.

The formal authority to make certain decisions in an organization, including which role may approve, reject, or choose among options.

An office that manages business activities for a particular geographic area, under the wider company structure.

A chart that shows who should be contacted when an issue cannot be solved at the current level, often by severity, function, or time.

A secondary reporting relationship alongside a person's main management relationship.

An organization with relatively few management levels between staff and top leadership.

A meeting between an employee and a manager above their immediate manager.

A company whose main purpose is to own shares in other companies.

A business group made up of companies operating in substantially different industries.

A new independent company formed from part of an existing business.

The separation of a business into distinct companies or ownership structures.

The concentration of decision-making authority at a central level.

An employee who develops new ventures or ideas within an established organization.

An officer responsible for company governance administration and required corporate records.

A room used for board meetings; also a reference to senior corporate decision-making.

The ordinary members or employees of an organization, excluding its leadership.

A temporary assignment to another role or organization, usually with a continuing link to the original employer.

To contact someone briefly to check how things are going or to share a quick update, usually by phone, chat or a short meeting.

Advance warning or information about something that is going to happen, so the other person can prepare for it.

Having the same understanding of a situation, plan or goal as the other people involved.

A friendly request asking someone to tell you about new developments or changes in a situation as they happen.

A rough estimate of a number, such as a price or cost, given when the exact figure is not yet known.

In office talk, the time, energy or capacity that a person or team has available to take on more work.

To return to a topic or person later, usually because there is not enough time or information to deal with it now.

Tasks, problems or opportunities that are easy to deal with and bring quick results, so they are usually tackled first.

To start an activity, process or discussion, often by being the first person to do or say something.

Used when a plan or idea has failed or been rejected and you have to start again and come up with a new one.

To make a mistake by forgetting or failing to do something that you were responsible for.

Describing something you know about and are paying attention to, even if you are not working on it right now.

Having all the latest information about a situation or task, or able to work at the expected level after a period of learning.

Supporting a plan or decision and willing to take part in it; also used to say that someone has joined a team or company.

To send someone a short message, usually by chat or email, to ask something or to remind them about something.

To give official approval to a plan, document, budget or piece of work so that it can go ahead.

Postponed or given low priority for now, so that it can be dealt with later when there is more time or money.

To start a new job or project quickly and effectively, without needing a long time to learn or prepare.

The rate at which someone learns a new skill, job or system; a steep learning curve means there is a lot to learn in a short time.

To ask someone who knows a lot about a subject for information or advice, usually in an informal way.

It is now your turn to act or decide, because the other side has already done what they needed to do.

A detailed study or discussion of one topic, problem or set of data that goes much further than a normal review.

Light informal conversation about ordinary topics, often used to be polite or make social situations more comfortable.

To act in a very tough, uncompromising way in business or negotiations in order to gain an advantage or pressure others.

To make clear progress in a task, discussion, or problem, especially after a slow start or earlier difficulty.

To say or do something that reduces tension and helps people start talking more comfortably in a new or formal situation.

To say the main idea directly, without spending too much time on background or extra detail first.

To skip background details and say the most important point directly, especially when time is limited.

To try to solve an unrealistically large problem or do too much at once.

To spend effort creating something that already exists and could be reused.

To make a noticeable difference to an important result or measure.

An obvious important problem that people avoid discussing.

To deal repeatedly with urgent problems instead of planned work.

To shift responsibility for a problem or decision onto someone else.

To sacrifice another person's interests or reputation to protect oneself.

To understand a meaning that is suggested but not directly stated.

To treat information with some doubt rather than accept it fully.

A situation in which competing people or organizations have a fair chance under the same conditions.

To avoid choosing or publicly supporting either side.

To behave according to the rules or expectations of an authority.

To skip proper steps in order to save time, money or effort, often reducing quality.

To disturb an established situation by challenging it or causing disagreement.

To become nervous or doubtful about doing something you had planned or agreed to do.

To use personal influence or contacts to arrange a favourable result.

To accept a task or commitment beyond one's ability or capacity.

To perform several different roles or kinds of responsibility.

To depend on one option so that its failure puts everything at risk.

To avoid committing in a way that rules out other choices.

To explore every reasonable possibility when trying to find something or solve a problem.

An attempt or possibility with a low chance of success.

A request or task that will be very difficult to fulfil.

A situation where the rules or categories are unclear.

Something that can bring harmful effects as well as benefits.

Clear signs that failure or another unwelcome development is likely.

To face the same difficult situation as others.

To hide or ignore a problem instead of dealing with it.

To express support for something without acting in a way that supports it.

The amount of money that a company, team or project plans to spend over a period of time, or the plan that shows this.

A document sent by a seller that lists the goods or services provided and states how much the buyer must pay and by when.

One of the four three-month periods into which a company divides its financial year, often written Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4.

Numbers that show amounts, results or statistics, especially official numbers about sales, costs or performance.

The total amount of money a company receives from selling its goods or services in a period, before any costs are taken away.

The money a business has left after it pays all its costs; if the costs are higher than the income, the result is a loss.

A careful guess at a number, cost or amount of time, based on the information you have; also a written statement of the likely price of a job.

A statement of what is expected to happen in the future, especially to sales, costs or demand, based on current data and trends.

Compared with the same period one year earlier; often shortened to YoY in reports and slides.

In British English, the total value of the sales a company makes in a period; also the rate at which employees leave and are replaced.

The difference between the amount planned in a budget and the amount actually spent or earned.

The cost of producing, buying, or delivering one single item, service unit, or measurable amount.

The percentage of money left as profit after costs are taken from sales revenue.

Comparing results on a matching basis so that changes in what is included do not distort the comparison.

After subtracting a named cost, deduction or other amount.

With the stated item already included in the amount or arrangement.

With the stated item left out of the amount or arrangement.

At the amount paid to obtain or produce something, without adding a profit.

As a partial payment toward an amount owed, leaving the balance to settle later.

Money or resources already spent that cannot be recovered.

A person you work with, especially someone in the same company or the same profession as you.

To do your job at home instead of at the office, usually using a laptop, email and video calls; often shortened to WFH.

A move to a more senior job or position in the same organization, usually with more responsibility and higher pay.

To tell your employer officially that you are leaving your job, usually in writing and after giving the required notice.

The paid days off work that an employee is entitled to each year, often used for holidays.

A regular meeting in which a manager and an employee discuss the employee's work, results and goals, often once or twice a year.

Time worked beyond your normal working hours, or the extra money paid for that time.

The amount of work that a person or a team has to do in a given period of time.

The process of welcoming new employees and helping them learn the company's systems, people and way of working.

The shared values, habits, and behavior that shape how people work, communicate, and treat each other in an organization.

To do your job away from the usual office, often from home or another location, using digital tools to stay connected.

A way of working in which people split their time between home and the office or another workplace.

A healthy balance between the time and energy you give to your job and to your personal life.

Being at work despite illness or another condition that reduces one's ability to work effectively.

An informal label for doing the required job while declining extra work beyond it.

An arrangement in which people, usually two, divide the duties and working hours of one position.

Planned movement between different jobs or duties to gain experience or meet operational needs.

Changing a job to give the worker greater responsibility, control or opportunities for meaningful development.

Learning about a job by observing someone doing it.

A period when an employee remains employed and usually paid but is instructed not to work during notice.

A temporary period away from work or on reduced hours arranged by the employer, with pay arrangements varying.

Doing additional paid work alongside one's main job, sometimes without the employer's knowledge.

An unseen barrier that prevents certain groups from reaching senior positions.

A pattern of appointing members of underrepresented groups to leadership roles when failure risk is high.

Financial benefits that make leaving an employer costly or unattractive.

A job offering little opportunity for advancement or development.

The loss or reduced need for skills, for example after tasks are simplified or automated.

Learning skills for a different kind of work or a substantially changed role.

To work proactively with one's manager to improve communication, priorities and mutual effectiveness.

To work strictly within required rules and duties, often as a form of industrial protest.

To stop working, especially as part of collective industrial action.

To contribute a fair share of the work in a group.

To learn the practical procedures needed to do a particular job.

To gain early practical experience in a particular kind of work.

Having fewer workers than are needed for the work.

Having more workers than the current work requires.

Temporarily carrying out the duties of a role while its usual holder is absent or the post is vacant.

A journey you make for your job, for example to visit clients, attend a conference or work in another office.

To arrange to have or use something at a future time, such as a flight, a hotel room, a meeting room or an appointment.

A piece of paper or an email that proves you have paid for something, showing what you bought, the price and the date.

The tiredness and confusion you feel after flying across several time zones, because your body clock has not yet adjusted.

A place to stay, such as a hotel room or an apartment, especially when you are travelling.

A form or online report that lists the work-related money you have spent, with receipts, so that the company can pay you back.

A detailed plan of a journey that lists flights, hotels, meetings and times, usually sent before a trip.

To pay back money that someone has spent, especially money spent on work-related costs such as travel or meals.

Meeting and talking to people in your industry, for example at conferences and events, to build useful professional relationships.

A large business event where companies show products or services, meet potential buyers, and build professional contacts in one place.

The place where a conference is held, such as a hotel, convention center, or company site.

The process of signing up for an event and providing the details needed to attend.

An event where people meet professionally to make contacts, exchange information, and explore future work opportunities.

A series of business presentations or events held in different places.

A work meeting or event held away from the usual workplace.

A smaller group session formed from a larger meeting or event.

A discussion format in which participants contribute on a relatively equal basis.

An informal interview-style conversation in front of an audience.

An event or short session arranged so people can meet and introduce themselves.

A buyer whose event attendance costs are covered in return for taking part in arranged business meetings.

A trip offered as a reward for meeting business or work goals.

A small printed or digital card giving someone's professional identity and contact details.

An allocated display area or structure where an exhibitor presents products or services.

An organized visit by business representatives to explore or develop trade with another market.