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Academic English & Research vocabulary · Citing and Referencing

Ibid.

Meaning in academic english & research, with examples

/ˈɪbɪd/abbreviationAdvanced term

In academic english & research, ibid. means: A Latin abbreviation of ibidem ('in the same place'), used in a note to refer to the source cited in the note immediately before.

In Turkish: aynı eser, a.e., a.y.

How it is used

Found in footnote styles, especially in history, law and older publications; a page number is added if it differs: 'Ibid., 45.' APA, MLA and Harvard do not use it, and recent editions of the Chicago Manual of Style prefer shortened citations, although ibid. is still accepted.

Example sentences

  1. Note 12 simply reads 'Ibid., 87', referring to the same archive file.

  2. Chicago style allows ibid., but many editors now prefer shortened notes.

Common collocations

  • Ibid., p. 45
  • use ibid.
  • ibid. and op. cit.
  • shortened note
  • footnoteA numbered note at the bottom of a page that gives a source or extra information connected to a point in the main text.
  • citationA reference to a source in a piece of writing; also each time another publication refers to a work, counted as a measure of its influence.
  • bibliographyA list of sources on a subject placed at the end of a work; unlike a reference list, it may include works consulted but not cited.
  • et al.A Latin abbreviation meaning 'and others', used in citations instead of listing all the authors of a work with several authors.

More terms: Citing and Referencing

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