In-text citation

How it is used

Its form depends on the citation style: author-date styles such as APA and Harvard use the surname and year, while numeric styles such as IEEE and Vancouver use numbers. Citations can be parenthetical, at the end of a sentence, or narrative: 'Yılmaz (2021) found...'.

Example sentences

1. Every in-text citation must match an entry in the reference list.

2. For a direct quotation, add the page number to the in-text citation: (Kaya, 2019, p. 45).

Common collocations

• parenthetical citation
• narrative citation
• add an in-text citation
• format in-text citations

Related terms

• citationA reference to a source in a piece of writing; also each time another publication refers to a work, counted as a measure of its influence.
• reference listThe list at the end of a paper or thesis giving full details of every source cited in the text, arranged in the order a citation style requires.
• APA styleThe writing and citation rules of the American Psychological Association, based on author-date citations and widely used in the social sciences, education and psychology.
• et al.A Latin abbreviation meaning 'and others', used in citations instead of listing all the authors of a work with several authors.
• direct quotationThe exact words of a source copied into your text, marked with quotation marks or set as an indented block, and followed by a citation with a page number.

More terms: Citing and Referencing

• cite
• paraphrase
• bibliography
• DOI
• reporting verb
• footnote
• reference manager
• Harvard referencing
• secondary citation
• ibid.
• block quotation