Academic English & Research vocabulary · Citing and Referencing
Et al.
Meaning in academic english & research, with examples
/et ˈæl/abbreviationCore term
In academic english & research, et al. means: A Latin abbreviation meaning 'and others', used in citations instead of listing all the authors of a work with several authors.
In Turkish: ve ark., vd., ve diğerleri
How it is used
Short for et alii. In APA 7th edition, a work with three or more authors is cited with the first author's surname plus et al. from the first citation, as in (Demir et al., 2022). The reference list still names the authors in full, up to the limit the style sets.
Example sentences
Demir et al. (2022) found similar results with secondary school students.
Write et al. with a full stop after al, but not after et.
Common collocations
first author et al.
cite with et al.
et al. in the citation
Related terms
in-text citationA short reference inside the main text, such as (Yılmaz, 2021) or a number [3], that points the reader to the full entry in the reference list.
APA styleThe writing and citation rules of the American Psychological Association, based on author-date citations and widely used in the social sciences, education and psychology.
citationA reference to a source in a piece of writing; also each time another publication refers to a work, counted as a measure of its influence.
reference listThe list at the end of a paper or thesis giving full details of every source cited in the text, arranged in the order a citation style requires.
