IMRaD

How it is used

Also written IMRAD. Most journals in medicine, science, psychology and education expect this structure, with an abstract before it and sometimes a separate conclusion after it. Each section answers a question: why, how, what was found and what it means.

Example sentences

1. The journal asks authors to follow the IMRaD format.

2. If your supervisor agrees, each empirical chapter of the thesis can follow an IMRaD structure.

Common collocations

• IMRaD format
• IMRaD structure
• follow IMRaD

Related terms

• abstractA short summary at the start of an article, thesis or conference submission that states the aim, methods, main findings and conclusion.
• discussionThe section of a research article or thesis that interprets the results, compares them with earlier studies and explains their meaning and limitations.
• methodologyThe overall approach and reasoning behind how a study is done, including the choice of design, methods, data and analysis, and the reasons for those choices.
• findingsThe results or information that a study discovers after its data have been collected and analyzed.
• paperAn academic article, either published in a journal or presented at a conference; researchers use it as the everyday word for their written studies.

More terms: Thesis and Article Structure

• thesis
• dissertation
• conclusion
• draft
• limitation
• proofread
• introduction
• methods section
• keyword
• appendix
• thesis statement
• topic sentence