عندما يتبع فعلٌ فعلًا، يأتي الثاني غالبًا بصيغة -ing أو to + الفعل المجرد. لا قاعدة واحدة لكل الأفعال؛ احفظ مجموعات مثل enjoy doing, want to do, ask someone to do.
تفيد قواعد عامة: بعد حرف الجر -ing مثل interested in learning؛ وللغرض to مثل I came to help. وتقبل stop, remember, forget, try الصيغتين لكن بمعانٍ مختلفة.
تركيب المصدر بصيغة -ing والمصدر مع to
الفعل الأول يحدد النمط. الفعل المجرد هو دون to، مثل go وbe وhave.
| النوع | التركيب | مثال بالإنجليزية |
|---|---|---|
| فعل تتبعه صيغة -ing | enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, suggest, keep + الفعل مع -ing | I enjoy swimming. Do you mind waiting? |
| فعل يتبعه to | want, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse + to + الفعل المجرد | We decided to stay. She refused to answer. |
| فعل + مفعول + to | ask, tell, want, invite, advise + شخص + to + الفعل المجرد | He asked me to help. I want you to come. |
| الصيغتان بمعنى متقارب | like, love, hate, prefer, start, begin, continue + الفعل مع -ing أو to + الفعل المجرد | It started raining. It started to rain. |
| الصيغتان مع تغير المعنى | stop, remember, forget, try + الفعل مع -ing أو to + الفعل المجرد | I stopped eating. I stopped to eat. |
| حرف جر + -ing | in, at, of, about, for, without, before, after... + الفعل مع -ing | She's good at drawing. Thanks for calling. |
| الغرض | to + الفعل المجرد (لبيان الغرض) | I went out to buy some milk. |
| النفي | not + الفعل مع -ing / not + to + الفعل المجرد | I hate not knowing the answer. He decided not to go. |
- قد تكون صيغة -ing فاعل الجملة: Swimming is good exercise. Learning a language takes time.
- في look forward to وbe used to وget used to تكون to حرف جر، فتتبعها -ing: I'm looking forward to meeting you.
- يتبع would like وwould love وwould prefer عادةً to: I'd like to order now، لا I'd like ordering.
- بعد can/must/should/will وبعد make/let + مفعول نستخدم الفعل المجرد دون to: She can swim. My boss made me wait. Let me help you.
- like + -ing وlike to كلاهما صحيح. like to أشيع أمريكيًا: I like to cook؛ والبريطانية تميل إلى -ing لما تستمتع به: I like cooking.
متى نستخدم المصدر بصيغة -ing والمصدر مع to؟
أفعال تتبعها -ing
منها enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, suggest, keep, practice, miss, imagine, consider, give up؛ لا يتبعها to في هذا النمط.
- I really enjoy cooking for my friends.
- Would you mind closing the window?
- He kept asking the same question.
أفعال تتبعها to
كثير من أفعال الخطط والقرارات والآمال والوعود: want, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse, promise, expect, learn, need, offer, manage, afford, seem.
- We decided to rent an apartment downtown.
- She refused to pay for the broken glass.
- I hope to see you again soon.
فعل + شخص + to
مع ask, tell, want, invite, advise, allow, remind, teach, encourage. بعد want استخدم I want you to stay، لا I want that you stay.
- My mom asked me to call her when I landed.
- The teacher told us to open our books.
- Can you remind me to buy some eggs?
صيغتان بمعنى متقارب
مع like, love, hate, prefer, start, begin, continue. وإذا كانت start/begin نفسها بـ -ing فاختر to: It's starting to rain. أما stop/remember/forget/try فالمعنى يتغير.
- It started raining. / It started to rain.
- I love walking in the rain. / I love to walk in the rain.
- They continued working. / They continued to work.
بعد حرف الجر: -ing
بعد in, on, at, about, of, for, without, before, after, by، وحتى to عندما تكون حرف جر في look forward to وbe/get used to.
- She's interested in learning Korean.
- You can't leave without saying goodbye.
- I'm looking forward to seeing you next week.
لبيان الغرض: to
to + الفعل المجرد تفسر لماذا يفعل الشخص شيئًا؛ ورسميًا in order to. أما for + -ing فتصف وظيفة الشيء: a knife for cutting bread.
- I went to the store to buy some milk.
- She's saving money to buy a car.
- We got up early to catch the first train.
كلمات وتعبيرات مرتبطة بالقاعدة
- enjoy + -ing
- avoid + -ing
- finish + -ing
- mind + -ing
- suggest + -ing
- keep + -ing
- give up + -ing
- want + to
- decide + to
- hope + to
- plan + to
- agree + to
- refuse + to
- afford + to
- ask someone + to
- tell someone + to
- like/love + -ing or to
- start/begin + -ing or to
تقبل stop وremember وforget وtry الصيغتين مع تغير المعنى. أما would like فتأخذ to: I'd like to come.
أمثلة
الإثبات
- I enjoy reading before bed.
- We've decided to move to Seattle.
- My doctor told me to drink more water.
- She's thinking about changing jobs.
النفي
- I don't mind waiting a few more minutes.
- He promised not to tell anyone.
- I can't afford to buy a new laptop right now.
- She regrets not studying harder in college.
الأسئلة
- Do you feel like going out tonight?
- Would you like to join us for dinner?
- Have you finished cleaning your room?
- Did your boss ask you to work late again?
فعل تتبعه صيغة -ing أم فعل يتبعه to؟
stop + -ing تعني ترك النشاط، وstop to تعني التوقف عن نشاط لأداء آخر. remember/forget + -ing تتعلق بذكرى حدث وقع؛ ومع to بتذكّر تنفيذ أمر لاحق أو نسيانه. try + -ing تعني تجربة طريقة لرؤية نتيجتها، وtry to تعني بذل جهد قد يفشل.
| فعل تتبعه صيغة -ing | فعل يتبعه to |
|---|---|
| I stopped eating sugar. (لم أعد آكله.) | On the way home, I stopped to buy some bread. (توقفت كي أشتريه.) |
| I remember meeting her at a wedding. (أتذكر وقوعه.) | Remember to call your grandma. (لا تنسَ فعله.) |
| I'll never forget seeing the ocean for the first time. (ذكرى ستبقى) | I forgot to send the email. (لم أرسله.) |
| Try adding some lemon. It might taste better. (جرّبه لترى النتيجة) | I tried to open the jar, but it was too tight. (بذلت جهدًا لكنني لم أنجح.) |
أخطاء شائعة وسبب التصحيح
- خطأI enjoy to read in the evenings.صوابI enjoy reading in the evenings.
بعد enjoy تأتي -ing دائمًا، لا to.
- خطأI'm looking forward to see you.صوابI'm looking forward to seeing you.
to في look forward to حرف جر، فيتبعها الفعل مع -ing.
- خطأI want that you come to my party.صوابI want you to come to my party.
want تأخذ مفعولًا + to + فعل مجرد، لا جملة that.
- خطأShe suggested to go to the beach.صوابShe suggested going to the beach.
suggest تتبعها -ing أو جملة that مثل She suggested that we go، لا to.
- خطأI went to the bank for getting some cash.صوابI went to the bank to get some cash.
لبيان غرض فعل الشخص استخدم to + الفعل المجرد، لا for + -ing.
- خطأThank you for help me with my homework.صوابThank you for helping me with my homework.
for حرف جر، فيتبعها الفعل بصيغة -ing.
Learning to cook
تظهر أمثلة المصدر بصيغة -ing والمصدر مع to مظللة في النص التالي.
Last year, Omar decided to learn how to cook. He was tired of eating takeout every night, and he wanted to save some money. At first, he avoided making anything complicated. He practiced boiling pasta and frying eggs until he stopped burning them. His roommate kept giving him advice, which Omar didn't mind hearing. One day, he invited his parents over and promised to make a real dinner. He remembered to buy fresh herbs, but he forgot to turn on the oven! His mother suggested ordering pizza. Omar refused to give up. He tried cooking the chicken in a pan instead, and it was delicious. Now he enjoys inviting friends over, and he's thinking about taking a cooking class.
اختبر فهمك
اختر إجابة لكل سؤال إنجليزي؛ سيظهر تفسيرها بالعربية. تُحفظ نتيجتك في هذا المتصفح.
أسئلة شائعة
ما الفرق بين gerund وinfinitive؟
gerund صيغة -ing كالاسم: Swimming is fun. I enjoy swimming. وinfinitive هو to + الفعل المجرد: I want to swim. الفعل السابق يحدد الاختيار.
كيف أعرف الصيغة المطلوبة؟
احفظ مجموعات: enjoy/avoid/finish/mind/suggest مع -ing؛ want/decide/hope/plan/refuse مع to. وتوضح أمثلة قاموس المتعلم النمط لكل فعل.
لماذا looking forward to seeing you؟
لأن to هنا حرف جر لا جزء من مصدر، والفعل بعد حرف الجر يأخذ -ing. وكذلك be/get used to: I'm used to getting up early.
هل I like swimming أم I like to swim؟
كلاهما صحيح ومعناهما متقارب. like to أشيع أمريكيًا، وlike + -ing أشيع بريطانيًا للتعبير عن الاستمتاع. لكن بعد would like استخدم to: I'd like to swim.
ما الفرق بين stop doing وstop to do؟
الأولى ترك نشاط: I stopped drinking coffee. والثانية التوقف عن النشاط الحالي لفعل آخر: We stopped to get gas.