affect vs effect
- affect
- verb: to influenceThe cold weather can affect your mood.
- effect
- noun: a resultThe new rule had a positive effect on sales.
نصيحة: Affect غالبًا فعل بمعنى يؤثر؛ وeffect غالبًا اسم بمعنى نتيجة أو تأثير.
their vs there vs they're
- their
- belonging to themThe students left their bags in the classroom.
- there
- in that place; there is/areThere is a café near the station.
- they're
- they areThey're going to the cinema tonight.
نصيحة: Their للملكية، وthere للمكان أو الوجود، وthey're اختصار they are. تذكّر heir داخل their وhere داخل there.
your vs you're
- your
- belonging to youIs this your phone?
- you're
- you areYou're my best friend.
نصيحة: إذا أمكنك قول you are، فاكتب you're.
its vs it's
- its
- belonging to itThe dog wagged its tail.
- it's
- it is / it hasIt's raining again.
نصيحة: It's اختصار it is أو it has. أما its الدالة على الملكية فلا تحتوي على فاصلة عليا.
then vs than
- then
- next; at that timeWe had dinner and then went for a walk.
- than
- used in comparisonsShe is taller than her brother.
نصيحة: Than للمقارنة، وthen للزمن أو التتابع.
lose vs loose
- lose
- verb: not have any more; fail to winDon't lose your keys again.
- loose
- adjective: not tightThese trousers are too loose.
نصيحة: Loose بمعنى غير مشدود تُكتب بحرفي o؛ أما lose بمعنى يفقد فتُكتب بحرف o واحد.
accept vs except
- accept
- verb: agree to takeI accept your apology.
- except
- preposition: not includingEveryone came except Tom.
نصيحة: Except تعني باستثناء، وفيها ex مثل excluding؛ أما accept فتعني يقبل.
advice vs advise
- advice
- noun: a suggestionCan you give me some advice?
- advise
- verb: to give adviceI advise you to book early.
نصيحة: Advice بحرف c اسم غير معدود: some advice وليس an advice. أما advise بحرف s فهو فعل بمعنى ينصح.
borrow vs lend
- borrow
- take something and give it back laterCan I borrow your pen?
- lend
- give something that will be returnedCould you lend me ten pounds?
نصيحة: Borrow تعني تأخذ شيئًا على سبيل الاستعارة، وlend تعني تعيره لشخص آخر.
bring vs take
- bring
- move something towards the speakerPlease bring a cake to my party.
- take
- move something away from the speakerTake an umbrella when you go out.
نصيحة: Bring تعني الإحضار نحو المتكلّم، وtake تعني الأخذ إلى مكان آخر.
say vs tell
- say
- used without a person as objectWhat did you say to her?
- tell
- used with the person you speak toWhat did you tell her?
نصيحة: نقول tell someone something، أما say something فيمكن أن تتبعها to someone.
make vs do
- make
- create or produce somethingI'll make a cake for your birthday.
- do
- perform an activity or taskI need to do my homework.
نصيحة: Make لإنتاج شيء، وdo لأداء مهمة. احفظ التراكيب الثابتة مثل make a mistake وdo the dishes.
fewer vs less
- fewer
- with countable nounsThere are fewer cars on the road today.
- less
- with uncountable nounsI drink less coffee than before.
نصيحة: Fewer مع الأشياء المعدودة، وless مع غير المعدودة.
many vs much
- many
- with countable nounsHow many brothers do you have?
- much
- with uncountable nounsHow much water should I drink?
نصيحة: Many مع المعدود مثل people، وmuch مع غير المعدود مثل time.
since vs for
- since
- from a point in timeI've lived here since 2019.
- for
- a length of timeI've lived here for five years.
نصيحة: Since مع نقطة بداية، وfor مع مدة زمنية.
quiet vs quite
- quiet
- with little noiseThe library is very quiet.
- quite
- fairly; completelyThe film was quite good.
نصيحة: Quiet من مقطعين بمعنى هادئ، وquite من مقطع واحد بمعنى إلى حد ما أو تمامًا حسب السياق.
whose vs who's
- whose
- belonging to whomWhose jacket is this?
- who's
- who is / who hasWho's coming to dinner?
نصيحة: Who's اختصار who is أو who has؛ أما whose فتسأل عن الملكية.
to vs too vs two
- to
- preposition; infinitiveI walk to school every day.
- too
- also; more than enoughThis soup is too hot.
- two
- the number 2I have two cats.
نصيحة: Too بمعنى أيضًا أو أكثر من اللازم، وtwo هو العدد 2، وto حرف جر أو علامة مصدر.
remember vs remind
- remember
- keep something in your memoryI remember my first day at school.
- remind
- make someone rememberPlease remind me to call my mother.
نصيحة: Remember تعني تتذكّر؛ أما remind فتعني أن شخصًا أو شيئًا يذكّرك.
rise vs raise
- rise
- go up (no object)Prices rise every year.
- raise
- lift or increase somethingRaise your hand if you have a question.
نصيحة: Raise يحتاج إلى مفعول به، أما rise فلا يحتاج: ترفع شيئًا أو يرتفع الشيء بنفسه.
lie vs lay
- lie
- be in a flat positionI need to lie down for a while.
- lay
- put something downLay the papers on the table.
نصيحة: Lay تعني تضع شيئًا وتحتاج إلى مفعول به؛ أما lie فتعني تستلقي.
hear vs listen
- hear
- notice a soundDid you hear that noise?
- listen
- pay attention to a soundI listen to podcasts on the bus.
نصيحة: Hear هو إدراك الصوت، وlisten هو الإنصات المتعمّد. نستخدم listen to مع ما نستمع إليه.
see vs watch vs look
- see
- notice with your eyesI can't see a thing without my glasses.
- watch
- look at something that moves or changesWe like to watch TV in the evening.
- look
- direct your eyes on purposeLook at this photo!
نصيحة: See تعني ترى، وlook وwatch تدلان على فعل مقصود: look at a picture وwatch TV.
economic vs economical
- economic
- about the economyThe country is facing economic problems.
- economical
- saving moneyThis small car is very economical.
نصيحة: Economic تعني متعلقًا بالاقتصاد مثل economic policy؛ وeconomical تعني موفّرًا مثل an economical car.
sensible vs sensitive
- sensible
- reasonable, practicalWearing a coat in winter is sensible.
- sensitive
- easily upset; reacting quicklyShe is very sensitive to criticism.
نصيحة: Sensible تعني عاقلًا أو عمليًا، أما sensitive فتعني حساسًا.
actually vs currently
- actually
- in factI thought he was Spanish, but actually he's Italian.
- currently
- at the momentThe shop is currently closed, but it will open again in May.
نصيحة: Actually تعني في الواقع، ولا تعني الآن؛ نستخدم currently للوقت الحالي.
alone vs lonely
- alone
- without other peopleI like to walk alone in the morning.
- lonely
- sad because you are aloneHe was a lonely man with no friends.
نصيحة: قد تكون alone وحدك وسعيدًا؛ أما lonely فتصف الشعور بالوحدة.
bored vs boring
- bored
- how you feelI'm bored. Let's do something.
- boring
- what causes the feelingThe lecture was boring.
نصيحة: تصف -ed الشعور، وتصف -ing ما يسببه: interested/interesting وtired/tiring.
already vs yet vs still
- already
- sooner than expectedI've already finished my homework, so I can go out.
- yet
- until now (in questions and negatives)I haven't finished my homework yet.
- still
- continuingIt's 10 p.m. and he's still at the office.
نصيحة: تأتي already عادةً في الإثبات، وyet في الأسئلة والنفي، وتدل still على الاستمرار.
during vs while
- during
- + a nounHe fell asleep during the film.
- while
- + a clause (subject + verb)He fell asleep while he was watching the film.
نصيحة: تتبع during عبارة اسمية مثل during the film؛ وتتبع while جملة مثل while I was watching.
beside vs besides
- beside
- next toCome and sit beside me.
- besides
- in addition to; alsoBesides English, she speaks French.
نصيحة: Beside تعني بجانب وتدل على مكان، أما besides فتعني بالإضافة إلى.
dessert vs desert
- dessert
- sweet food after a mealWe had ice cream for dessert.
- desert
- a dry area with sandCamels can live in the desert.
نصيحة: Dessert بمعنى حلوى تُكتب بحرفي s مثل so sweet؛ أما desert بمعنى صحراء فبحرف s واحد.
principal vs principle
- principal
- head of a school; mainThe principal spoke to the students.
- principle
- a basic rule or beliefHonesty is an important principle.
نصيحة: Principle تعني مبدأ أو قاعدة، وprincipal تعني مدير المدرسة أو رئيسي.
compliment vs complement
- compliment
- praiseShe paid me a nice compliment.
- complement
- something that completes or goes well withThe wine is a perfect complement to the meal.
نصيحة: Compliment تعني إطراء، أما complement فتعني ما يُكمل شيئًا أو ينسجم معه.
stationary vs stationery
- stationary
- not movingThe car was stationary at the lights.
- stationery
- paper, pens and envelopesI bought some stationery for school.
نصيحة: Stationery بحرف e تعني أدوات الكتابة مثل envelopes؛ أما stationary فتعني ثابتًا لا يتحرك.
historic vs historical
- historic
- important in historyIt was a historic victory.
- historical
- about the pastShe writes historical novels.
نصيحة: Historic يصف حدثًا مهمًا في التاريخ؛ أما historical فيعني متعلقًا بالماضي مثل رواية تاريخية.
emigrate vs immigrate
- emigrate
- leave your country to live abroadHis grandparents decided to emigrate from Italy in 1950.
- immigrate
- come to live in a new countryMany people immigrate to Canada every year.
نصيحة: Emigrate تعني مغادرة بلدك للعيش خارجه؛ وimmigrate تعني القدوم للعيش في بلد جديد.
practice vs practise
- practice
- noun (and US verb)Piano practice takes an hour every day.
- practise
- verb in British EnglishI practise the piano every day.
نصيحة: في البريطانية practice اسم وpractise فعل؛ أما الأمريكية فتستخدم practice لكليهما.
career vs carrier
- career
- your working lifeShe started her career as a nurse.
- carrier
- a person or company that carriesThe airline is a major carrier in Europe.
نصيحة: Career هي المسيرة المهنية؛ وcarrier ناقل للأشخاص أو البضائع أو المرض. يقع النبر في آخر career: ca-REER.