affect vs effect
- affect
- verb: to influenceThe cold weather can affect your mood.
- effect
- noun: a resultThe new rule had a positive effect on sales.
Подсказка: Affect обычно означает «влиять» и служит глаголом; effect — «результат, эффект», обычно существительное.
their vs there vs they're
- their
- belonging to themThe students left their bags in the classroom.
- there
- in that place; there is/areThere is a café near the station.
- they're
- they areThey're going to the cinema tonight.
Подсказка: Their выражает принадлежность, there — место, they're = they are. Подсказки: heir (наследник) внутри their и here (здесь) внутри there.
your vs you're
- your
- belonging to youIs this your phone?
- you're
- you areYou're my best friend.
Подсказка: Если можно сказать «you are», пишите you're.
its vs it's
- its
- belonging to itThe dog wagged its tail.
- it's
- it is / it hasIt's raining again.
Подсказка: It's всегда означает «it is» или «it has». Притяжательное its пишется без апострофа.
then vs than
- then
- next; at that timeWe had dinner and then went for a walk.
- than
- used in comparisonsShe is taller than her brother.
Подсказка: Than используют для сравнения, then — для времени или последовательности.
lose vs loose
- lose
- verb: not have any more; fail to winDon't lose your keys again.
- loose
- adjective: not tightThese trousers are too loose.
Подсказка: Loose — «свободный, неплотный», с двумя o; lose — «терять», с одной o.
accept vs except
- accept
- verb: agree to takeI accept your apology.
- except
- preposition: not includingEveryone came except Tom.
Подсказка: Except — «кроме», как excluding; accept — «принимать».
advice vs advise
- advice
- noun: a suggestionCan you give me some advice?
- advise
- verb: to give adviceI advise you to book early.
Подсказка: Advice с c — существительное, advise с s — глагол. Advice неисчисляемо: some advice, а не an advice.
borrow vs lend
- borrow
- take something and give it back laterCan I borrow your pen?
- lend
- give something that will be returnedCould you lend me ten pounds?
Подсказка: Borrow — брать взаймы у кого-то, lend — давать взаймы кому-то.
bring vs take
- bring
- move something towards the speakerPlease bring a cake to my party.
- take
- move something away from the speakerTake an umbrella when you go out.
Подсказка: Bring — приносить сюда, take — относить туда.
say vs tell
- say
- used without a person as objectWhat did you say to her?
- tell
- used with the person you speak toWhat did you tell her?
Подсказка: Tell someone something — рассказать кому-то что-то; say something (to someone) — сказать что-то (кому-то).
make vs do
- make
- create or produce somethingI'll make a cake for your birthday.
- do
- perform an activity or taskI need to do my homework.
Подсказка: Make — создавать, do — выполнять. Многие сочетания устойчивы: make a mistake, do the dishes.
fewer vs less
- fewer
- with countable nounsThere are fewer cars on the road today.
- less
- with uncountable nounsI drink less coffee than before.
Подсказка: Fewer — с исчисляемыми существительными, less — с неисчисляемыми.
many vs much
- many
- with countable nounsHow many brothers do you have?
- much
- with uncountable nounsHow much water should I drink?
Подсказка: Many people — много людей; much time — много времени.
since vs for
- since
- from a point in timeI've lived here since 2019.
- for
- a length of timeI've lived here for five years.
Подсказка: Since + начальный момент; for + длительность.
quiet vs quite
- quiet
- with little noiseThe library is very quiet.
- quite
- fairly; completelyThe film was quite good.
Подсказка: Quiet (два слога) — «тихий», quite (один слог) — «довольно, вполне».
whose vs who's
- whose
- belonging to whomWhose jacket is this?
- who's
- who is / who hasWho's coming to dinner?
Подсказка: Who's = who is или who has; whose выражает принадлежность.
to vs too vs two
- to
- preposition; infinitiveI walk to school every day.
- too
- also; more than enoughThis soup is too hot.
- two
- the number 2I have two cats.
Подсказка: Too — «тоже, слишком», two — число два, to — предлог или частица инфинитива.
remember vs remind
- remember
- keep something in your memoryI remember my first day at school.
- remind
- make someone rememberPlease remind me to call my mother.
Подсказка: Remember — помнить самому; remind — напоминать кому-то.
rise vs raise
- rise
- go up (no object)Prices rise every year.
- raise
- lift or increase somethingRaise your hand if you have a question.
Подсказка: Raise требует дополнения, rise — нет.
lie vs lay
- lie
- be in a flat positionI need to lie down for a while.
- lay
- put something downLay the papers on the table.
Подсказка: Lay — класть что-то; lie — ложиться самому.
hear vs listen
- hear
- notice a soundDid you hear that noise?
- listen
- pay attention to a soundI listen to podcasts on the bus.
Подсказка: Hear — слышать без усилия; listen — слушать намеренно. Говорят listen to something.
see vs watch vs look
- see
- notice with your eyesI can't see a thing without my glasses.
- watch
- look at something that moves or changesWe like to watch TV in the evening.
- look
- direct your eyes on purposeLook at this photo!
Подсказка: See — видеть; look и watch — смотреть намеренно. Look at a picture, watch TV.
economic vs economical
- economic
- about the economyThe country is facing economic problems.
- economical
- saving moneyThis small car is very economical.
Подсказка: Economic — экономический (economic policy); economical — экономный (an economical car).
sensible vs sensitive
- sensible
- reasonable, practicalWearing a coat in winter is sensible.
- sensitive
- easily upset; reacting quicklyShe is very sensitive to criticism.
Подсказка: Sensible означает «разумный», sensitive — «чувствительный».
actually vs currently
- actually
- in factI thought he was Spanish, but actually he's Italian.
- currently
- at the momentThe shop is currently closed, but it will open again in May.
Подсказка: Actually означает «на самом деле», а не «сейчас».
alone vs lonely
- alone
- without other peopleI like to walk alone in the morning.
- lonely
- sad because you are aloneHe was a lonely man with no friends.
Подсказка: Alone — быть одному, lonely — чувствовать одиночество.
bored vs boring
- bored
- how you feelI'm bored. Let's do something.
- boring
- what causes the feelingThe lecture was boring.
Подсказка: -ed описывает чувство, -ing — его причину: interested/interesting, tired/tiring.
already vs yet vs still
- already
- sooner than expectedI've already finished my homework, so I can go out.
- yet
- until now (in questions and negatives)I haven't finished my homework yet.
- still
- continuingIt's 10 p.m. and he's still at the office.
Подсказка: Already обычно в утверждениях, yet — в вопросах и отрицаниях, still — о том, что продолжается.
during vs while
- during
- + a nounHe fell asleep during the film.
- while
- + a clause (subject + verb)He fell asleep while he was watching the film.
Подсказка: During + существительное: during the film. While + предложение: while I was watching.
beside vs besides
- beside
- next toCome and sit beside me.
- besides
- in addition to; alsoBesides English, she speaks French.
Подсказка: Beside — «рядом с», besides — «кроме того».
dessert vs desert
- dessert
- sweet food after a mealWe had ice cream for dessert.
- desert
- a dry area with sandCamels can live in the desert.
Подсказка: Dessert — десерт, с двумя s, как в so sweet; desert — пустыня.
principal vs principle
- principal
- head of a school; mainThe principal spoke to the students.
- principle
- a basic rule or beliefHonesty is an important principle.
Подсказка: Principle — принцип, правило; principal — директор школы или «главный».
compliment vs complement
- compliment
- praiseShe paid me a nice compliment.
- complement
- something that completes or goes well withThe wine is a perfect complement to the meal.
Подсказка: Compliment — комплимент; complement — дополнение, которое делает целое полным.
stationary vs stationery
- stationary
- not movingThe car was stationary at the lights.
- stationery
- paper, pens and envelopesI bought some stationery for school.
Подсказка: Stationery с e — канцелярские принадлежности, как envelopes; stationary — неподвижный.
historic vs historical
- historic
- important in historyIt was a historic victory.
- historical
- about the pastShe writes historical novels.
Подсказка: Historic — исторически важный; historical — относящийся к истории: a historical novel — исторический роман.
emigrate vs immigrate
- emigrate
- leave your country to live abroadHis grandparents decided to emigrate from Italy in 1950.
- immigrate
- come to live in a new countryMany people immigrate to Canada every year.
Подсказка: Emigrate — эмигрировать, уезжать из страны; immigrate — иммигрировать, въезжать в страну.
practice vs practise
- practice
- noun (and US verb)Piano practice takes an hour every day.
- practise
- verb in British EnglishI practise the piano every day.
Подсказка: В британском английском practice — существительное, practise — глагол; в американском practice используют в обоих случаях.
career vs carrier
- career
- your working lifeShe started her career as a nurse.
- carrier
- a person or company that carriesThe airline is a major carrier in Europe.
Подсказка: Career — профессиональный путь; carrier — перевозчик или переносчик болезни. Ударение в career на втором слоге: ca-REER.
