affect vs effect
- affect
- verb: to influenceThe cold weather can affect your mood.
- effect
- noun: a resultThe new rule had a positive effect on sales.
ヒント： affectは主に「影響を与える」という動詞、effectは主に「結果・影響」という名詞です。
間違えやすい英単語
affectとeffect、borrowとlend、sayとtellなど39組を、ルール・例文・空欄補充クイズで学べます。
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間違えやすい単語39組
their vs there vs they're
- their
- belonging to themThe students left their bags in the classroom.
- there
- in that place; there is/areThere is a café near the station.
- they're
- they areThey're going to the cinema tonight.
ヒント： theirは所有、thereは場所や存在、they'reはthey areの短縮形です。theirのheir（相続人）、thereのhere（ここ）を手がかりに覚えましょう。
your vs you're
- your
- belonging to youIs this your phone?
- you're
- you areYou're my best friend.
ヒント： you areと言い換えられるならyou'reを使います。
its vs it's
- its
- belonging to itThe dog wagged its tail.
- it's
- it is / it hasIt's raining again.
ヒント： it'sはit isまたはit hasの短縮形です。所有を表すitsにはアポストロフィーを付けません。
then vs than
- then
- next; at that timeWe had dinner and then went for a walk.
- than
- used in comparisonsShe is taller than her brother.
ヒント： thanは比較、thenは時間や順序を表します。
lose vs loose
- lose
- verb: not have any more; fail to winDon't lose your keys again.
- loose
- adjective: not tightThese trousers are too loose.
ヒント： looseは「緩い」でoが2つ、loseは「失う」でoが1つです。
accept vs except
- accept
- verb: agree to takeI accept your apology.
- except
- preposition: not includingEveryone came except Tom.
ヒント： exceptは「〜を除いて」。excludingと同じexを手がかりにしましょう。acceptは「受け入れる」です。
advice vs advise
- advice
- noun: a suggestionCan you give me some advice?
- advise
- verb: to give adviceI advise you to book early.
ヒント： cのadviceは名詞、sのadviseは動詞です。adviceは不可算名詞なのでsome adviceと言い、an adviceとは言いません。
borrow vs lend
- borrow
- take something and give it back laterCan I borrow your pen?
- lend
- give something that will be returnedCould you lend me ten pounds?
ヒント： borrowは人から「借りる」、lendは人に「貸す」です。
bring vs take
- bring
- move something towards the speakerPlease bring a cake to my party.
- take
- move something away from the speakerTake an umbrella when you go out.
ヒント： bringはこちらへ持ってくること、takeは向こうへ持っていくことです。
say vs tell
- say
- used without a person as objectWhat did you say to her?
- tell
- used with the person you speak toWhat did you tell her?
ヒント： tell someone something、say something (to someone)の形で使います。
make vs do
- make
- create or produce somethingI'll make a cake for your birthday.
- do
- perform an activity or taskI need to do my homework.
ヒント： makeは何かを作り出すこと、doは作業を行うことです。make a mistakeやdo the dishesのような決まった組み合わせも覚えましょう。
fewer vs less
- fewer
- with countable nounsThere are fewer cars on the road today.
- less
- with uncountable nounsI drink less coffee than before.
ヒント： fewerは数えられるもの、lessは数えられないものに使います。
many vs much
- many
- with countable nounsHow many brothers do you have?
- much
- with uncountable nounsHow much water should I drink?
ヒント： manyはpeopleなどの可算名詞、muchはtimeなどの不可算名詞に使います。
since vs for
- since
- from a point in timeI've lived here since 2019.
- for
- a length of timeI've lived here for five years.
ヒント： sinceの後は開始時点、forの後は期間です。
quiet vs quite
- quiet
- with little noiseThe library is very quiet.
- quite
- fairly; completelyThe film was quite good.
ヒント： quietは2音節で「静かな」、quiteは1音節で「かなり・まったく」などを表します。
whose vs who's
- whose
- belonging to whomWhose jacket is this?
- who's
- who is / who hasWho's coming to dinner?
ヒント： who'sはwho isまたはwho hasの短縮形です。whoseは所有を尋ねます。
to vs too vs two
- to
- preposition; infinitiveI walk to school every day.
- too
- also; more than enoughThis soup is too hot.
- two
- the number 2I have two cats.
ヒント： tooは「〜も・〜すぎる」、twoは数字の2、toは前置詞や不定詞の印です。
remember vs remind
- remember
- keep something in your memoryI remember my first day at school.
- remind
- make someone rememberPlease remind me to call my mother.
ヒント： rememberは自分が覚えていること、remindは人や物が思い出させることです。
rise vs raise
- rise
- go up (no object)Prices rise every year.
- raise
- lift or increase somethingRaise your hand if you have a question.
ヒント： raiseは目的語が必要ですが、riseには目的語を付けません。
lie vs lay
- lie
- be in a flat positionI need to lie down for a while.
- lay
- put something downLay the papers on the table.
ヒント： layは何かを横たえること、lieは自分が横になることです。
hear vs listen
- hear
- notice a soundDid you hear that noise?
- listen
- pay attention to a soundI listen to podcasts on the bus.
ヒント： hearは音が聞こえること、listenは意識して聞くことです。対象の前にはtoを付けます。
see vs watch vs look
- see
- notice with your eyesI can't see a thing without my glasses.
- watch
- look at something that moves or changesWe like to watch TV in the evening.
- look
- direct your eyes on purposeLook at this photo!
ヒント： seeは見えること、lookとwatchは意識して見ることです。look at a picture、watch TVのように使います。
economic vs economical
- economic
- about the economyThe country is facing economic problems.
- economical
- saving moneyThis small car is very economical.
ヒント： economicは経済に関すること（economic policy）、economicalは節約になること（an economical car）です。
sensible vs sensitive
- sensible
- reasonable, practicalWearing a coat in winter is sensible.
- sensitive
- easily upset; reacting quicklyShe is very sensitive to criticism.
ヒント： sensibleは「分別のある・実用的な」、sensitiveは「敏感な」です。
actually vs currently
- actually
- in factI thought he was Spanish, but actually he's Italian.
- currently
- at the momentThe shop is currently closed, but it will open again in May.
ヒント： actuallyは「実際には」で、「今」ではありません。現在を表すならcurrentlyを使います。
alone vs lonely
- alone
- without other peopleI like to walk alone in the morning.
- lonely
- sad because you are aloneHe was a lonely man with no friends.
ヒント： aloneは一人でいる状態、lonelyは寂しい気持ちを表します。
bored vs boring
- bored
- how you feelI'm bored. Let's do something.
- boring
- what causes the feelingThe lecture was boring.
ヒント： -edは感じている気持ち、-ingはその原因を表します。interested/interesting、tired/tiringなど。
already vs yet vs still
- already
- sooner than expectedI've already finished my homework, so I can go out.
- yet
- until now (in questions and negatives)I haven't finished my homework yet.
- still
- continuingIt's 10 p.m. and he's still at the office.
ヒント： alreadyは主に肯定文、yetは疑問文・否定文、stillは続いていることに使います。
during vs while
- during
- + a nounHe fell asleep during the film.
- while
- + a clause (subject + verb)He fell asleep while he was watching the film.
ヒント： duringの後には名詞句（during the film）、whileの後には節（while I was watching）が続きます。
beside vs besides
- beside
- next toCome and sit beside me.
- besides
- in addition to; alsoBesides English, she speaks French.
ヒント： besideは「〜の隣に」、besidesは「〜に加えて」です。
dessert vs desert
- dessert
- sweet food after a mealWe had ice cream for dessert.
- desert
- a dry area with sandCamels can live in the desert.
ヒント： dessertは「デザート」でsが2つ（so sweet）、desertは「砂漠」でsが1つです。
principal vs principle
- principal
- head of a school; mainThe principal spoke to the students.
- principle
- a basic rule or beliefHonesty is an important principle.
ヒント： principleは「原理・原則」、principalは「校長・主要な」です。
compliment vs complement
- compliment
- praiseShe paid me a nice compliment.
- complement
- something that completes or goes well withThe wine is a perfect complement to the meal.
ヒント： complimentは「褒め言葉」、complementは「補完するもの」です。
stationary vs stationery
- stationary
- not movingThe car was stationary at the lights.
- stationery
- paper, pens and envelopesI bought some stationery for school.
ヒント： stationeryは「文房具」でenvelopesと同じe、stationaryは「動かない」です。
historic vs historical
- historic
- important in historyIt was a historic victory.
- historical
- about the pastShe writes historical novels.
ヒント： historicは歴史上重要なこと、historicalは歴史に関することです。a historical novelは歴史小説です。
emigrate vs immigrate
- emigrate
- leave your country to live abroadHis grandparents decided to emigrate from Italy in 1950.
- immigrate
- come to live in a new countryMany people immigrate to Canada every year.
ヒント： emigrateは国外へ移住すること、immigrateはある国へ移住してくることです。
practice vs practise
- practice
- noun (and US verb)Piano practice takes an hour every day.
- practise
- verb in British EnglishI practise the piano every day.
ヒント： イギリス英語ではpracticeが名詞、practiseが動詞です。アメリカ英語ではどちらもpracticeを使います。
career vs carrier
- career
- your working lifeShe started her career as a nurse.
- carrier
- a person or company that carriesThe airline is a major carrier in Europe.
ヒント： careerは職業上の経歴、carrierは人や物を運ぶもの・病気の媒介者です。careerのアクセントは後半：ca-REER。
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結果の見方と学習への活かし方
似た綴りや音でも、意味や文法上の役割が違う語があります。affectは主に動詞、effectは主に名詞です。borrowは借りる側、lendは貸す側の動作を表します。英米差などで答えが曖昧になる組み合わせはクイズから除外します。
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よくある質問
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