How Bees Talk
Bees can't speak or draw maps, yet they can still tell each other where to find flowers, and they do it with a dance.
まずはゆっくり読み、文章全体の意味をつかみましょう。強調された単語をタップすると英語の意味を確認できます。音声を聴きながら文を追ったり、読書時間を計ったりしてから、理解度クイズに挑戦できます。
A honeybee cannot speak, and it cannot draw a map. However, when it finds a place with lots of flowers, it can tell the other bees in its where to find them. How does it do this? It dances.
In every hive, some bees have a special job: they fly out to look for food. These bees are called . When a forager has found a field of flowers, it flies home with the news. Inside, it walks onto the , where the bees keep their honey, and starts to dance. The other bees come close and follow its .
The most famous of these dances is the dance. It gets its name from the word "waggle," which means to shake quickly from side to side. First, the bee walks forward in a straight line while it shakes its body. This part is called the waggle run. Then the bee stops shaking, walks in a half circle back to where it started, and does the straight run again. It does this again and again so that lots of bees can learn the message.
The direction of the straight run tells the other bees which way to fly. The honeycomb hangs straight up and down, and in the dance, "straight up" stands for the direction of the sun. So if the run goes straight up, the food is in the same direction as the sun. If it goes straight down, the food is in the direction, so the other bees will fly away from the sun, not it. If the run points a little to the right of straight up, the food is a little to the right of the sun. , the between the run and "straight up" is the same as the angle between the sun and the food.
The dance also shows how far away the food is. A short waggle run means that the food is quite near, while a longer run means that it is farther away. When the food is very close to the hive, the dance is short and looks more like a circle.
For a long time, people did not understand what these dances meant. The Austrian scientist Karl von Frisch spent many years watching bees and studying their "language." His work showed how the parts of the dance carry information about direction and . In 1973, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
The next time you see a bee on a flower, remember that it may soon fly home and "tell" the others where it has been. Although it has no words, it has a clever way of sharing what it knows.
重要な語彙
単語と学習用の意味説明は英語です。
- hivenoun
the home of a large group of bees
- foragersnoun
bees whose job is to fly out and find food
- honeycombnoun
the part of the hive made of wax, where bees keep their honey
- movementsnoun
the ways in which a person or animal moves
- waggleverb
to shake quickly from side to side
- towardpreposition
in the direction of
- oppositeadjective
on the other side; facing the other way
- in other wordsphrase
used before you say something again in a simpler way
- anglenoun
how far one line turns away from another line
- distancenoun
how far it is from one place to another
理解を確認しましょう
問題・選択肢・解説は英語です。必要に応じて本文を読み返しましょう。