過去完了形
Past Perfect
had + 過去分詞で、過去の基準となる出来事より前に起きたことを表します。過去の二つの出来事の順序を明確にできます。
使い方のポイント
When I arrived, she had left.では、彼女の出発が私の到着より先です。時間の順序が明らかなすべての文で過去完了が必要なわけではありません。
英語の例文
肯定文
- By the time I woke up, my roommate had already left for work.
- We had just sat down when the phone rang.
- I recognized the song because I had heard it on the radio.
- They had lived in Chicago for ten years before they moved to Denver.
否定文
- I hadn't seen him for years, so I didn't recognize him at first.
- She hadn't finished her report when the meeting started.
- We were hungry because we hadn't eaten since breakfast.
- He had never flown before, so he was a little nervous.
疑問文
- Had you ever been to Mexico before that trip?
- Had the movie started when you got there?
- What had happened before the police arrived?
- How long had they known each other when they got married?
間違えやすい形を比べる
- 誤り：When I arrived at the station, the train already left.正しい形：When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
- 誤り：A long time ago, my family had lived in a small village.正しい形：A long time ago, my family lived in a small village.
- 誤り：She had went home before the party ended.正しい形：She had gone home before the party ended.
- 誤り：He has already left when I called him.正しい形：He had already left when I called him.
- 誤り：If I would have known about the party, I would have come.正しい形：If I had known about the party, I would have come.
- 誤り：By the time we got to the theater, the movie started.正しい形：By the time we got to the theater, the movie had started.
文章の中で確認
The surprise party
When Nadia opened her apartment door on her birthday, she knew something was different. The lights were off, and someone had closed all the curtains. Then her friends jumped out and shouted, "Surprise!" Her brother Sam had planned everything. He had called her friends two weeks earlier, and he had ordered a chocolate cake from her favorite bakery. Nadia had never had a surprise party before, so she was almost speechless. Later, she asked how he had gotten into her apartment. Sam held up a key. Nadia had given their mother a spare key months before and had completely forgotten about it. By the time the last guest left, everyone had eaten far too much cake.
理解を確認しましょう
問題・選択肢・個別の解説は英語です。上の日本語のポイントを参考に、正しい形を選びましょう。結果はこのブラウザに保存されます。