条件文
Conditionals
一般的な事実はif + 現在形と現在形、現実的な未来の条件はif + 現在形とwillで表します。仮定の現在はif + 過去形とwould、実現しなかった過去はif + 過去完了とwould have + 過去分詞を使います。
使い方のポイント
If I had time, I would help.は今の仮定です。過去形を使っていても、必ずしも過去の出来事ではありません。
英語の例文
肯定文
- If you freeze water, it turns into ice.
- If I finish work early, I'll meet you for dinner.
- If we had a garden, we would grow our own vegetables.
- If they had asked for directions, they would have arrived on time.
否定文
- If it doesn't rain soon, the plants will die.
- I won't go to the party unless you come with me.
- If he didn't live so far away, we would see him more often.
- We wouldn't have missed the flight if the taxi hadn't broken down.
疑問文
- What do you do if you can't sleep?
- Will you call me if the train is late?
- What would you do if you lost your phone?
- Would you have accepted the offer if they had paid you more?
間違えやすい形を比べる
- 誤り：If I will see him, I will tell him.正しい形：If I see him, I will tell him.
- 誤り：If I would have known, I would have helped you.正しい形：If I had known, I would have helped you.
- 誤り：If I would have more time, I would read more.正しい形：If I had more time, I would read more.
- 誤り：If I had more money, I will buy a new laptop.正しい形：If I had more money, I would buy a new laptop.
- 誤り：If she had left earlier, she would catch the train last night.正しい形：If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train last night.
- 誤り：Unless you don't hurry, you will miss the train.正しい形：Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.
文章の中で確認
The missed flight
Last summer, Leo missed his flight to Rome. If he had checked the time, he would have left home earlier. If he hadn't stopped for coffee, he would have caught the airport train. Now he tells the story as a joke. "If you travel with me, you'll never be bored," he says. His sister is less amused. "If I were you, I would set three alarms," she tells him. But Leo has a theory. If he hadn't missed that flight, he wouldn't have met Clara at the airport bookstore, and he wouldn't be married to her now. "If you lose something, you often find something better," he says. His sister smiles. "Fine. But if you miss our flight next month, I'll go without you."
理解を確認しましょう
問題・選択肢・個別の解説は英語です。上の日本語のポイントを参考に、正しい形を選びましょう。結果はこのブラウザに保存されます。